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What Are Ethical Principles In Psychology

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Canadian Code Of Ethics For Psychologists

VCE Psychology – Ethical Principles and Professional Conduct

Every discipline that has relatively autonomous control over its entry requirements, training, development of knowledge, standards, methods, and practices does so only within the context of a contract with the society in which it functions. This social contract is based on attitudes of mutual respect and trust, with society granting support for the autonomy of a discipline in exchange for a commitment by the discipline to do everything it can to assure that its members act ethically in conducting the affairs of the discipline within society in particular, a commitment to try to assure that each member will place the welfare of society and individual members of society above the welfare of the discipline and its own members. By virtue of this social contract, psychologists have a higher duty of care to members of society than the general duty of care that all members of society have to each other.

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Principle B: Fidelity And Responsibility

The APA also suggests that psychologists have a moral responsibility to help ensure that others working in their profession also uphold high ethical standards. This principle suggests that psychologists should participate in activities that enhance the ethical compliance and conduct of their colleagues.

Serving as a mentor, taking part in peer-review, and pointing out ethical concerns or misconduct are examples of how this principle might be put into action.

Psychologists are also encouraged to donate some of their time to the betterment of the community.

Ethical Principles Of Psychology

Industrial/ Organisational Psychology

Ethics are some set of moral principles. These moral principles tell about what is right, what is wrong, what is good or what bad behaviour is. So ethics serves a key topic be studies in the psychological researches. Ethical principles of Psychologydirect what should be focused in regards to ethics during a research. There are various codes of conducts in psychological researches which guides the psychologists while conducting any psychological research keeping in mind that there should be no chance of violence of any type of ethical norms or principles. The APA has defined many codes of conduct and psychological behaviour for the psychologists. These rules and ethical principles mandatory for the human/social welfare.

Ethical Principles of Psychology: Code of Conduct and Behavioural Moral

The code of conduct and behavioural moral principals should be kept into consideration as psychologists need to respect the dignity and worth of the individual. During the research no fundamental human rights should be violated, these must be preserved and protected. As psychology deals with the study of human behaviour, so there is risk of fundamental human violence, as no one will ever want to be interfered into his personal or social protocol.

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Apa Taking A Public Stance On Controversial Issues

There are circumstances under which APA has taken a position on controversial issues. APA adopts a stance based on extensive evidence in the literature. Several amici curiae briefs have been produced from APA documenting research on controversial issues such as abortion rights , anti-discrimination against sexual orientation , anti-sodomy laws , pro-custody rights for parents who identify as gay , same-sex marriage rights , and foster care and adoption rights for same-sex couples . For example, research on some of these topics includes literature reviews on the effects of abortion on psychological health. These reviews revealed that women who got an abortion were no worse off psychologically in the long-term than were either pregnant women undergoing high-risk pregnancies who were threatened by miscarriage or women undergoing healthy pregnancies or women delivering an unwanted baby . In addition, extensive research has provided evidence that same-sex and opposite-sex relationships do not differ on important psychosocial variables , and that same-sex couples are not limited by their sexual orientation in their ability to provide a nurturing environment to raise children . There are psychologists who are APA members who do not agree with the stance the APA has taken on controversial issues however, Standard 2.04 prevents these psychologists from making public, professional judgments on an issue without scientific or professional knowledge supporting their beliefs .

A Framework For Thinking About Research Ethics

Table 3.1 presents a framework for thinking through the ethical issues involved in psychological research. The rows of Table 3.1 represent four general moral principles that apply to scientific research: weighing risks against benefits, acting responsibly and with integrity, seeking justice, and respecting peoples rights and dignity. The columns of Table 3.1 represent three groups of people that are affected by scientific research: the research participants, the scientific community, and society more generally. The idea is that a thorough consideration of the ethics of any research project must take into account how each of the four moral principles applies to each of the three groups of people.

Table 3.1 A Framework for Thinking About Ethical Issues in Scientific Research

Who is affected?
Respecting peoples rights and dignity

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The Apas Code Of Ethics

The American Psychological Association publishes the Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct which outlines aspirational principles as well as enforceable standards that psychologists should use when making decisions. The APA first published their ethics code in 1953 and has been continuously evolving the code ever since.

The current version of the ethics code, which introduced the distinction between principles and standards, was developed in 2002 and later amended in 2010 and 2016.

The APA code of ethics is composed of key principles and ethical standards. The principles are intended as a guide to help inspire psychologists as they work in their profession, whether they are working in mental health, in research, or in business. The standards, on the other hand, are expectations of conduct that can lead to professional and legal ramifications when violated.

As Nicholas Hobbs, who served as an APA president and head of one of the committees that designed the standards explained, the purpose of the code is not to keep unscrupulous people out of trouble. It serves as an aid to help ethical psychologists make real-world decisions in their daily practice.

The code of ethics applies only to work-related, professional activities including research, teaching, counseling, psychotherapy, and consulting. Private conduct is not subject to scrutiny by the APA’s ethics committee.

Principle D: Respect For Peoples Rights And Dignity

Ethics in Psychology: The APA Code of Ethics

AASP members accord appropriate respect to the fundamental rights, dignity, and worth of all people. They respect the rights of individuals to privacy, confidentiality, self-determination, and autonomy, mindful that legal and other obligations may lead to inconsistency and conflict with the exercise of these rights. AASP members are aware of cultural, individual, and role differences, including those due to age, gender, race, ethnicity, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, disability, language, and socioeconomic status. AASP members try to eliminate the effect on their work of biases based on those factors, and they do not knowingly participate in or condone unfair discriminatory practices.

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Ethical Principles Of Psychologists And Code Of Conduct

The American Psychological Association’s Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct consists of an Introduction, a , five and specific . The Introduction discusses the intent, organization, procedural considerations, and scope of application of the Ethics Code. The Preamble and General Principles are aspirational goals to guide psychologists toward the highest ideals of psychology. Although the Preamble and General Principles are not themselves enforceable rules, they should be considered by psychologists in arriving at an ethical course of action. The Ethical Standards set forth enforceable rules for conduct as psychologists. Most of the Ethical Standards are written broadly, in order to apply to psychologists in varied roles, although the application of an Ethical Standard may vary depending on the context. The Ethical Standards are not exhaustive. The fact that a given conduct is not specifically addressed by an Ethical Standard does not mean that it is necessarily either ethical or unethical.

Membership in the APA commits members and student affiliates to comply with the standards of the APA Ethics Code and to the rules and procedures used to enforce them. Lack of awareness or misunderstanding of an Ethical Standard is not itself a defense to a charge of unethical conduct.

When assuming forensic roles, psychologists are or become reasonably familiar with the judicial or administrative rules governing their roles.

3.05 Multiple Relationships

Exercises And Critical Thinking

  • How might the Stanford Prison Experiment be conducted using contemporary ethical guidelines? Would that even be possible?
  • Consider how and why animals might be used in psychological research. Do you think this use is justified? Why or why not?
  • Congratulations on completing Chapter 2! Remember to go back to the section on Approach and Pedagogy near the beginning of the book to learn more about how to get the most out of reading and learning the material in this textbook.

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    Icipation Must Be Voluntary

    All ethical research must be conducted using willing participants. Study volunteers should not feel coerced, threatened or bribed into participation. This becomes especially important for researchers working at universities or prisons, where students and inmates are often encouraged to participate in experiments.

    Principle C: Professional And Scientific Responsibility

    Definition Of Ethics Psychology

    AASP members are responsible for safeguarding the public and AASP from members who are deficient in ethical conduct. They uphold professional standards of conduct and accept appropriate responsibility for their behavior. AASP members consult with, refer to, or cooperate with other professionals and institutions to the extent needed to serve the best interests of the recipients of their services. AASP members moral standards and conduct are personal matters to the same degree as is true for any other person, except as their conduct may compromise their professional responsibilities or reduce the publics trust in the profession and the organization. AASP members are concerned about the ethical compliance of their colleagues scientific and professional conduct. When appropriate, they consult with colleagues in order to prevent, avoid, or terminate unethical conduct.

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    What Are The 4 Ethical Principles Of Psychology

    What are the 4 ethical principles of psychology? There are four ethical principles which are the main domains of responsibility for consideration by researchers within the code respect, competence, responsibility and integrity.

    What are the 4 ethical principles of psychological research? PRINCIPLE ONE: Minimising the risk of harm. PRINCIPLE TWO: Obtaining informed consent. PRINCIPLE THREE: Protecting anonymity and confidentiality. PRINCIPLE FOUR: Avoiding deceptive practices.

    What are the basic principles of ethics in psychology? The five general principles are beneficence, fidelity, integrity, justice, and respect for peoples rights. These core principle help guide 12 subsections of proper ethics in research involving human participants.

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    The Social World Is Messy And Ethics Helps Us Muddle Through

    All of morality aims at the same thing but there are several basic ways to get there. If you prefer, each approach is like a different toola hammer, a nail, a level. Using the right tool for the right job makes it easier to do your work and increases the chances that youll wind up with a quality product.

    If you can grasp the basic ideas of each of the different approaches to ethics, you will be in a better position to make a sound ethical decision. There are other ways in which moral philosophy and philosophers can be categorized, but establishing ethical theories into their three schools is a useful way to understand ethics.

    The three schools are virtue ethics, consequentialist ethics, and deontological or duty-based ethics. Each approach provides a different way to understand ethics. An analogy to your personal wellbeing is this: What is the best way to achieve a healthy life? One is through good nutrition, another is through exercise, and a third is through a spiritual discipline, and yet another stresses public health measures. Each is vital but inadequate by itself. It is bringing theseand otherapproaches together that you can live to the fullest.

    Similarly, in ethics, no school answers all the problems raised by social living. In most cases, all three schools need to be considered in order to reach the best ethical decision.

    Virtue Ethics: How to Live Your Life

    Key Questions Informing Ethical Decisions:

    What kind of person do I want to be?

    Some Main Principles

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    Ethical Principles In The Field Of Psychology

    Whether you are a first-year practitioner of psychology with your own business or a seasoned professional with a large firm, it is never a bad idea to brush up on ethical principles that could impact you or your practice. If youre a bit unsure about what constitutes an ethics violation, contact Bowne Barry & Barry, a law office in East Brunswick, NJ, to get answers on which you can rely.

    The American Psychological Association reports that, on average, over a 20-year career, 40% of psychologists will receive a licensing board complaint. Just under 2% of psychologists will have a malpractice suit brought against them. To protect yourself and your practice, you need a clear understanding of ethical principles.

    At Bowne Barry & Barry, an East Brunswick, NJ, law office, these four fundamental ethical principles are those most frequently necessitating clarification.

    Edited By Andrea Ferrero Yeim Korkut Mark M Leach Geoff Lindsay And Michael J Stevens

    PSY 2510 Social Psychology: Ethics and Values in Social Psychology
    Print Publication Date:
    Psychology, History and Systems in Psychology
    Online Publication Date:
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    date: 17 January 2022

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    Respecting Peoples Rights And Dignity

    Researchers must respect peoples rights and dignity as human beings. One element of this is respecting their autonomytheir right to make their own choices and take their own actions free from coercion. Of fundamental importance here is the concept of informed consent. This means that researchers obtain and document peoples agreement to participate in a study after having informed them of everything that might reasonably be expected to affect their decision. Consider the participants in the Tuskegee study. Although they agreed to participate in the study, they were not told that they had syphilis but would be denied treatment for it. Had they been told this basic fact about the study, it seems likely that they would not have agreed to participate. Likewise, had participants in Milgrams study been told that they might be reduced to a twitching, stuttering wreck, it seems likely that many of them would not have agreed to participate. In neither of these studies did participants give true informed consent.

    Another element of respecting peoples rights and dignity is respecting their privacytheir right to decide what information about them is shared with others. This means that researchers must maintain confidentiality, which is essentially an agreement not to disclose participants personal information without their consent or some appropriate legal authorization. Even more ideally participants can maintain anonymity

    From Moral Principles To Ethics Codes

    Learning Objectives

  • Describe the history of ethics codes for scientific research with human participants.
  • Summarize the Tri-Council Policy Statement on Ethical Conductespecially as it relates to informed consent, deception, debriefing, research with nonhuman animals, and scholarly integrity.
  • The general core principles of respect for persons, concern for welfare, and justice provide a useful starting point for thinking about the ethics of psychological research because essentially everyone agrees on them. As we have seen, however, even people who agree on these general principles can disagree about specific ethical issues that arise in the course of conducting research. This discrepancy is why there also exist more detailed and enforceable ethics codes that provide guidance on important issues that arise frequently. In this section, we begin with a brief historical overview of such ethics codes and then look closely at the one that is most relevant to psychological research in Canadathe Tri-Council Policy Statement .

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    Ethical Principles Of Psychologists

    Preamble

    All members of the JPA shall recognise and honour the basic rights of all people, shall respect peoples liberty and pursuit of happiness, take care to maintain the welfare and protection of non-human creatures, and assume responsibility for their actions as professional psychologists. These principles and guidelines are based on the foregoing in the event that a judgement is required regarding the ethicality of a members actions as a professional psychologist, as well as the results of those actions, members shall follow these principles and guidelines.

  • 3. Explanation and consentWhen carrying out psychology-related activities, JPA members must fully inform all participants of the details of the activities and must generally obtain the consent of participants in writing*2. Where it is difficult for members to gain informed consent regarding their research from participants, members must obtain such consent from a proxy, such as a close family member. Additionally, participants must be told in advance that they have the right to suspend or terminate their participation, even before the research has finished.
  • *1*2

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