What Is Diffusion In Geography

How Cultural Diffusion Happens

Types of Diffusion [AP Human Geography]

Its also worth looking at how cultural diffusion takes place. According to Savage there are three key ways it takes place:

The diffusion of cultures has been most facilitated by the institutions of colonialism, religion, and education.

However, others have theorized three mechanisms of cultural diffusion that explain three other ways it might take place:

1. Direct DiffusionDirect diffusion occurs when two cultures intermingle and influence one another out of their own volition, without any coercion. This occurs naturally, for example when two people of different cultures fall in love and get married, or when a friend introduces you to their traditional ways of cooking.

2. Forced DiffusionForced diffusion occurs when someone makes you take up the traits of another culture against your will. For example, this occurred in Barcelona in the 20th Century when the locals were forced to speak Spanish instead of their local language of Catalan.

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3. Indirect DiffusionIndirect diffusion takes place when a culture is shared by a middleman who spreads it from one place to another. An example of this is if you were to start doing Buddhist meditation. You may not be a Buddhist or have ever been to a part of the world where Buddhism is a dominant religion. But, theres a meditation studio down your street. Here, youre being influenced by Buddhism indirectly.

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Madsen: How Geography Explains The Diffusion Of The Coronavirus

You may have seen various maps illustrating the spread of COVID-19 in the past few months.; Some were quite good.;But what accounted for the underlying movement of the virus from place to place?;As much as I love exploring maps, geographic concepts also offer other insights on this topic.

As 2020 unfolded, I was struck by how closely the spread of the COVID-19 virus paralleled an introductory geography textbook I have used and which introduces the geographical concept of diffusion to students.;A case study in that textbook focuses on the transmission of the AIDS virus, but I can imagine that some future edition might well be replaced by the current case of the spread of COVID-19.

Diseases spread geographically in two ways: hierarchical effect and contagious effect.; Hierarchical effect is the dispersal between major population centers, areas which are connected by travel, migration, trade, and other types of interaction.;From there second-tier cities begin to show up, ultimately filtering down to smaller and more rural areas.

Today both means of diffusion have allowed extensive spread of COVID-19.; But both continue to have relevance.;Most recently, hierarchical effect is the reason countries around the globe restricted travel to and from the U.K. in light of the emergence of a new coronavirus strain there.;Meanwhile, contagious effect helps us understand the penetration into almost every corner of the globe

What Is The Biggest Difference Between Universalizing And Ethnic Religions

Geographers distinguish two types of religions: universalizing and ethnic. A universalizing religion attempts to be global, to appeal to all people, wherever they may live in the world, not just to those of one culture or location. An ethnic religion appeals primarily to one group of people living in one place.

History Application And Practical Utility Of Diffusion Research

Diffusion, as a term, is borrowed from the disciplines of chemistry and physics where it is used to describe the displacement of particles from a highly concentrated region to another; however, in society, diffusion does not evolve as an immediate displacement of innovations . It rather has the character of an epidemic at which innovations are adopted in a regenerative form and at varying rates depending on the stage of diffusion. This means that the number of innovations can increase over time. Thus, diffusion, from a social science perspective, may sometimes resemble a spread of an epidemic over a spatiotemporal domain. Based on observation and various diffusion models, the rate of diffusion often peaks in the middle stage after the early group of adopters have already adopted the innovation and the innovation has reached a certain critical mass. The rate then slows down once it has reached the critical mass and the population has almost reached saturation.

L.A. Brown, in, 2009

What Is Cultural Diffusion In Geography

In cultural anthropology and cultural geography, cultural diffusion, as conceptualized by Leo Frobenius in his 1897/98 publication Der westafrikanische Kulturkreis, is the spread of cultural itemssuch as ideas, styles, religions, technologies, languagesbetween individuals, whether within a single culture or from one

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Adoption In The Bass Diffusion Framework

The Bass diffusion model enables us to investigate adoption dynamics at global and local scales. This can be done by fitting the cumulative distribution function of adoption with model CDF. The Bass CDF is defined by \/dt = ))\), with y the number of new adopters at time t , p innovation or advertisement parameter of adoption , and q imitation parameter . This nonlinear differential equation can be solved by:

with m size of adopting population. Equation; described the CDF empirical values with residual standard error \ on \ and empirical values q = 0.108, CI ; p= 0.00016, CI . We repeated these estimations of the diffusion parameters for every geographic settlement i and consequently estimated \ and \.

The time of adoption peak, defined by the maximum amount of adoption per month, is an important feature of adoption dynamics. To evaluate the Bass model accuracy on local scales, we investigate Prediction Error, the peak month predicted by the model minus the empirical peak month . Prediction Error is illustrated in Fig.;A. Towns differences in terms of the time of adoption peak indicate a wide distribution of local deviations from the global diffusion dynamics , which can be used in statistical analysis. The Bass model estimation of the adoption peak \ for every town i is:

and is positively correlated with the empirical peaks in Fig.;D , CI ).

Figure 2

How Does Religion Affect The Society

Religious practice promotes the well-being of individuals, families, and the community. Religious worship also leads to a reduction in the incidence of domestic abuse, crime, substance abuse, and addiction. In addition, religious practice can increase physical and mental health, longevity, and education attainment.

How Does Christianity Affect Society

Christianity has been intricately intertwined with the history and formation of Western society. Throughout its long history, the Church has been a major source of social services like schooling and medical care; an inspiration for art, culture and philosophy; and an influential player in politics and religion.

Changes In Places: Diffusion

APHG- Relocation Diffusion Vs Expansion Diffusion

Thus far, we have examined the Earth in a rather static fashion by learning about places and regions, how maps are created, and how geographic information is gathered and analyzed. However, the Earth is dynamic and constantly changing, and one of the reasons places change is because of diffusion. Diffusion is the spread of ideas, objects, inventions, and other practices from place to place. As people migrate or move to a new area, they bring their ideas, objects, and the like with them in a process call relocation diffusion. Another diffusion process involves the spread outward from a core area that contains the idea, cultural practice, etc. This type of diffusion; is expansion diffusion, and this type of diffusion can occur from person-to-person contact or through a hierarchy, or stratified condition, where the idea might originate in a major city, spread to medium-sized cities, and so on to smaller cities . In Chapter 6, we will examine how religion has spread across the world through both; relocation; and ;expansion diffusion, and in Chapter 10, we will see that domesticated plants and animals have diffused extensively across the Earth.Figure 1.13 | Diffusion Relocation and expansion diffusion.2Corey Parson

Examples Of Cultural Diffusion In The World Around You

Cultural diffusion is the spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group of people to another. Through cultural diffusion, horizons are broadened and people become more culturally rich.

For example, a woman living in Manhattan might purchase mala prayer beads used by Buddhist monks to focus on a breath or mantra. Her use of those beads, incepted halfway around the world, is now positively impacting her daily practice of meditation. Had she only ever walked the streets of Manhattan, never engaging with any product or activity outside her borders, life would be very different. Also, if it werent for cultural diffusion, that same woman wouldnt be able to enjoy sushi night every Thursday evening with her friends!

The mixing of world cultures through different ethnicities, religions, and nationalities has only increased with advanced communication, transportation, and technology. Folks living in Australia can communicate daily via Twitter, Facebook, or Instagram with someone living in Russia. This enrichment allows us to open minds, and learn as much as we can from every corner of the earth.

Cultural Diffusion In Technology

They say knowledge is power. And, when one group of people develops an important element of technology that can benefit people across the globe, its nice to see that information-sharing take place. Of course, in todays world that can happen at lightning speeds.

Lets take a look at technological diffusion through the years.

Paper was first made in China, eventually spreading to the Middle East and Europe.
Gunpowder also originated in China. Of course, nations all across the globe went on to produce gunpowder, too.
The fax machine was invented by Scottish inventor Alexander Bain, but certainly didnt remain in the UK alone.
The anti-lock brake system was developed in the United States, despite many claims that the German manufacturer, Mercedes, got there first. The Germans then perfected it.

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What Happens When Cultures Come In Contact

Culture contact, contact between peoples with different cultures, usually leading to change in both systems. The effects of culture contact are generally characterized under the rubric of acculturation, a term encompassing the changes in artifacts, customs, and beliefs that result from cross-cultural interaction.

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Exchanging Ideas Increasing Knowledge

In the end, cultural diffusion can be life-changing. When an American woman in Wisconsin enrolls in salsa classes taught by an Argentinian man, they might forge a lifelong friendship that wouldve never happened if cultural diffusion wasnt a part of our reality.

As a man living in Los Angeles watches YouTube videos on how to make his own sushi, he reaps the benefits of a healthy lifestyle offered by the Japanese culture. One remark in the comments section might introduce him to a Japanese chef, and there you have it. A new friendship is formed and added morsels of knowledge are exchanged.

They say travel expands our minds and introduces us to undiscovered worlds. Cultural diffusion, however, is a little more permanent and steadfast. The learning opportunities continue, as entire communities of people exchange ideas, goods, and knowledge. If Americas a melting pot, then were sure to be on the winning side of cultural diffusion.

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What Is The Relationship Between Religion And Spirituality

Religion is a specific set of organised beliefs and practices, usually shared by a community or group. Spirituality is more of an individual practice and has to do with having a sense of peace and purpose. It also relates to the process of developing beliefs around the meaning of life and connection with others.

What Type Of Diffusion Is Colonialism

Colonialism is a violent form of cultural diffusion. Heres an example: Christianity started in Israel but is now practiced all over the world, initially spread by the Roman Empire. Through missionaries that spread religious beliefs, Christianity is one of the universalizing religions practiced worldwide.

What Is Religious Diffusion

In expansion diffusion, beliefs of a religion transmit by direct contact between believers and nonbelievers. Relocation diffusion happens when a group of believers moves to a new location, where they then spread the teachings of a religion that are often not yet widely known or practiced in the region.

What Is The True Meaning Of Spirituality

Diffusion (AP Human Geography)

Spirituality involves the recognition of a feeling or sense or belief that there is something greater than myself, something more to being human than sensory experience, and that the greater whole of which we are part is cosmic or divine in nature. An opening of the heart is an essential aspect of true spirituality.

What Are The Types Of Expansion Diffusion

Diffusion is the process by which a particular phenomenon such as a contagious disease, a technological innovation or even an idea is spread from person to person over a period of space and time. One method of diffusion is known as expansion diffusion, which is broken down into three distinct types.

If you are experiencing serious medical symptoms, seek emergency treatment immediately.

It S The Spread Of An Underlying Principle Even Though A Specific Characteristic Fails To Diffuse

Definition of stimulus diffusion in human geography. However stimulus diffusion like in human geography. The three main types of this phenomenon are expansion diffusion stimulus diffusion and relocation diffusion. Geography is the study of how the physical environment caused by human activities. What is an example.

In cultural anthropology and cultural geography cultural diffusion as conceptualized by leo frobenius in his 1897 98 publication der westafrikanische kulturkreis is the spread of cultural items such as ideas styles religions technologies languages between individuals whether within a single culture or from one culture to another examples of stimulus diffusion in geography. This spread stimulus diffusion is not an exact copy of the original behaviour but is adapted. For example islam has spread throughout the world yet stayed strong in the middle east where it was founded. Stimulus diffusion definition is diffusion in which one people receives a culture element from another but gives it a new and unique form.

This kind of proliferation is known as spatial diffusion. Stimulus contagious and hierarchical diffusion are all kinds of expansion diffusion. Stimulus diffusion has to do with expansion diffusion. Stimulus diffusion is when a trend spreads to a new location or cultural context.

In geography the term diffusion refers to the spread of people things ideas cultural practices disease technology weather and other factors from place to place.

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What Is The Most Rapidly Growing Religion In The United States Today

The Muslim population is growing in the United States. We project that by the year 2050, there will be more Muslims than or Hindus or Buddhists in the U.S. Currently, about 1 percent of the U.S. population is Muslim, and thats gonna increase by a couple of percentage points in the decades to come.

What Are The Four Ways In Which Historical Diffusion Has Occurred

So, diffusion often involves the expansion of ideas across the globe and it can occur many different ways. Some ways that diffusion can occur would be through exploration, military conquest, missionary work, mass media, tourism, and even through the internet.

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Why Is Cultural Diffusion Important In Society

The word culture has a pretty complicated origin story. It comes from the French word culture, which in turn comes from the Latin cultra, which means to cultivate. And starting in the 1400s, culture was used in exactly that sensein the context of agriculture to refer to the cultivation of land, plants, and animals.

In the 1500s and 1600s it began to be applied to human beings, used in the sense of the cultivation or development of minds or intellectual pursuits. Only in the 1800s did culture gain the meaning that is used in the phrase cultural diffusion; that is, a distinct way of life of a particular group of people characterized by unique ideas, customs, behaviors, and products.

OK, what are these ideas, customs, and products, you ask? Well, culture tends to encompass the food people eat, the religion people practice, the language people speak, the music people listen to, the arts people enjoy, and their shared values, morality, traditions, behaviors, etc. It is essentially the shared identity of a group of people, learned through socialization. Culture can be broad, such as Western or Eastern culture, or it can be narrow, such as the company culture of a specific workplace.

Now on to diffusion, or the act of spreading. Diffusion is used in a lot of different academic fields in addition to anthropology, such as physics, meteorology, and cinematography, all to describe the act of spreading, transmitting, or migrating.

Exploring Diffusion In Your Community

Activity. Students collect data to identify specific examples of diffusion in their community or nearby city. They present the data in prepared maps.

Grades

This activity was developed by the National Geographic Bee team. Teachers can use these activities in the classroom to prepare students in Grades 4-8 for the National Geographic Bee. Each year, thousands of schools in the United States participate in the National Geographic Bee using materials prepared by the National Geographic Society. The contest is designed to encourage teachers to include geography in their classrooms, spark student interest in the subject, and increase public awareness about geography. Visit the National Geographic Bee website to find out more about this program.

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